Afternoon Light

Nicholas Ferns on Australia's attempt to guide Papua New Guinea towards economic development & self government: "We've cracked that code"

On 16 September 1975 Papua New Guinea gained its independence, but how well did Australia prepare its former territory for that day?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with Nicholas Ferns to unpack the ideology and policies known as 'developmentalism' - Australia's concerted attempt to help its neighbours achieve the same level of economic prosperity & political stability enjoyed in 'the lucky country'.
Nicholas Ferns is an ARC DECRA Research Fellow in History at Monash University. He is a historian of development, empire, and decolonisation with a particular focus on Australia’s role in the Asia-Pacific region. His first book, Australia in the Age of International Development, 1945-1975, examined Australia’s colonial rule in Papua New Guinea and foreign aid policy in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. He is now working on his second monograph, which examines Australia’s relationship with the World Bank and its impact on development and decolonisation in Australia and Papua New Guinea.
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Salvatore Babones on the Ascent of Democracy in India: "A Sense of Nationhood"

Should India be considered a democratic success story?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with Salvatore Babones to explore the remarkable rise of democracy in India, and why it has recently become the subject of much international criticism. A story which reveals the importance of culture in maintaining democratic institutions, and how cultural differences therefore shape the differing nature of democracies around the world.
Salvatore Babones is an Associate Professor at the University of Sydney whose current research focuses on the political sociology of democracy. In the past he has also published on economic development in post-socialist transition economies and quantitative methods for cross-national comparisons. He is the author or editor of fourteen books and several dozen academic research articles. His short book The New Authoritarianism: Trump, Populism, and the Tyranny of Experts was named among the Best on Politics 2018 by the Wall Street Journal. His latest book is Dharma Democracy: How India Built the Third World's First Democracy, published in 2025 by Connor Court.
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Charles Richardson & Zachary Gorman on the Future of Australia's Two Party System: "A Tangible Choice"

If more than a third of voters are opting for Independents and minor parties, does Australia even have a two party system anymore?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with Charles Richardson and Zachary Gorman to discuss a new Robert Menzies Institute policy paper on The Future of Australia's Two Party System: Function, Flaws and Fixes. A wide ranging conversation exploring how and why Australia's party system first emerged, what are the causes of its current maladies, and how a system which once empowered the Australian electorate might yet be revived.
Charles Richardson earned his PhD from Rutgers University, specialising in ethical theory and political philosophy. He worked as a ministerial adviser in the Victorian government, and later as editorial manager at the Centre for Independent Studies in Sydney. He is currently an independent scholar based in Melbourne; his research interests include the history of liberal democratic structures and the comparative study of European party systems. Charles has been a regular contributor to Crikey since 2002. He has been featured as a commentator in newspapers, radio and television. He is not affiliated with any political party.
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David Lee on Prime Minister & Statesman Stanley Melbourne Bruce: "The Outstanding Australian of Our Time"

Who led Australia through the roaring 20s & was he responsible when they came to a crashing halt?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with David Lee about Australia's 8th Prime Minister Stanley Melbourne Bruce. A decorated Gallipoli veteran, architect of the Federal Coalition, and notable international diplomat, whose complexities have been obscured behind the caricature of a spats-wearing Anglophile who managed to lose his own seat at the 1929 election.
David Lee is Associate Professor in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Canberra. He is the author inter alia of Stanley Melbourne Bruce: Australian internationalist, the Australian Biographical Monograph on John Curtin, and The Second Rush: Mining and the Transformation of Australia.
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William Coleman on 5-time NSW Premier John Robertson: "The Grandfather of Australian Liberalism"

When did the widespread property ownership evoked in 'The Forgotten People' first become a cornerstone of the Australian liberal project?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with William Coleman to revive the name of one of Australia's most dominant and influential political figures, John Robertson. A fierce democrat, patriot and liberal, whose impact spread far beyond the 'Mother Colony' of New South Wales.
William Coleman, currently Adjunct Professor at the University of Notre Dame, Australia, was formerly Reader in the School of Economics at ANU. He has written extensively on inflation, the history of economic thought, the contested position of economics in society, as well as major works on Australian political history. His recent publications include Only in Australia The History, Politics, and Economics of Australian Exceptionalism (2016), Their Fiery Cross of Union: A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889-1914 (2021), and the Australian Biographical Monograph on John Robertson: Liberal of the People.
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Zachary Gorman on the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta's legitimisation: "The Power of the Narrative"

How did Magna Carta help lead to the birth of Australian democracy?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with Zachary Gorman to mark 800 years since King Henry III gave his consent to the most famous document in political and legal history. Rescuing Magna Carta from potential obscurity after the 1215 version had been annulled by the Pope on the grounds that it had been signed under duress.
Dr Zachary Gorman is the author of Summoning Magna Carta: Freedom's Symbol Over A Millenium. A book which traces the history of the Charter from its Anglo-Saxon precursors, all the way up to its invocation by William Wentworth to win Australian self-government in the 1850s. A tale which reveals the centrality of history, culture, and what Robert Menzies dubbed 'a sense of continuity' in winning and upholding our freedoms.
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Kit Kowol on Chamberlain, Churchill & the British Conservative Party during WW2: "There were other futures available"

How different would Britain have looked if the Conservative Party won the 1945 election?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with Kit Kowol to discuss the grand and unrealised Conservative vision for the post-war world. A fascinating tale of utopianism, factionalism, and historical what-ifs, that serve to highlight how Menzies's vision of Australian liberalism was quite distinct from its British equivalents.
Kit Kowol received his PhD in Politics from Oxford University in 2014. He subsequently taught and researched at Teesside University, Christ Church (University of Oxford), and King's College London, where he was an Early Career Development Fellow in Modern British History. He is the author of Blue Jerusalem: British Conservatism, Winston Churchill, and the Second World War. He now lives and works in Brisbane, Australia.
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Wendy Michaels on NSW's first female MP Millicent Preston Stanley: "How Dare She"

How did a play help to transform child custody laws?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with Wendy Michaels OAM to tell the story of conservative feminist trailblazer Millicent Preston Stanley MP. A tireless campaigner for both Australian liberalism and women's rights, who weaved a remarkable career as an activist, parliamentarian, journalist, performer and even playwright.
Dr Wendy Michaels OAM has had a distinguished career as an academic, educator, consultant, writer, and festival director. Before her retirement she was a lecturer in the School of Humanities at the University of Newcastle. Wendy’s awards include an Order of Australia Medal for services to women and to the dramatic arts, a National Council of Women Award for Promoting the Status of Women, a JEDA Award for Drama Writing, Honorary Life Membership of Drama NSW for service to Drama in Education, and the Minister for Education Award for Excellence in Tertiary Teaching. She has published poetry, plays and stories for children and numerous articles and books. Her latest is A Battle-axe in the Bear Pit: Millicent Preston Stanley MP.
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Greg Melleuish on the Evolution of Political Terms: "That's yesterday's liberalism, therefore it's conservatism"

Why does the term 'liberal' mean such vastly different things in Australia and America?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with Greg Melleuish to discuss the evolution of political terms. With phrases like 'progress' and 'social justice' meaning vastly different things to different people, and leaving us susceptible to imposing our modern values in misinterpreting texts from the past
Greg Melleuish is a professorial fellow of the Robert Menzies Institute. Before his recent retirement, he was a professor in the School of Humanities and Social Inquiry at the University of Wollongong, where he taught, among other things, Australian politics. He has written widely on Australian political thought, including Cultural Liberalism in Australia (Cambridge University Press, 1995) and Despotic State or Free Individual (Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2014).
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David Hunt on enlivening Australian history with fact-based entertainment: "History with humour"

Why do people think that Australian history is boring & what can we do to change that?
On this week's Afternoon Light Georgina Downer speaks with David Hunt, author of the award-winning Girt series, to reveal some of the funnier facts of Australian history and explore how we can get more people to engage with it.
David Hunt is a bestselling author, historian, satirist, television presenter, podcaster and speaker. His first book with Black Inc., Girt won Nonfiction Book of the Year in the 2014 Indie Awards, and was shortlisted for an Australian Book Industry Award and NSW Premier’s Literary Award. The sequel, True Girt: The Unauthorised History of Australia Volume 2, continued David’s career as Australia’s most successful writer whose titles all include the word girt and whose book covers gratuitously depict Australian historical figures being crapped on by native birds. Girt Nation, the third volume of The Unauthorised History of Australia, hit the shelves in November 2021.
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